Der Zweck dieses Kapitels ist, Dir eine kurze Einführung in die grundlegenden Funktionen zu geben, damit Du schnell beginnen kannst, mit Bluefish Deine Seiten zu designen. Unser Ziel ist es, dass Du mit der Umgebung und Benutzerführung von Bluefish vertraut wirst.
Dieses Kapitel zeigt nicht alle Funktionen von Bluesfish, sondern ist eine Einführung. Spätere Kapitel zeigen alles detailliert.
Nach der Installation, falls Du das Installationsverzeichnis nicht
verändert hast, sollte sich die ausführbare Datei in
/usr/local/bin/
befinden. Somit musst Du zum Starten nur
blashyrkh:~# bluefish
eingeben.
ACHTUNG: Aus Sicherheitsgründen kann der
root-User Bluefish nicht benutzen. Falls Du root bist und bei der
Eingabe von bluefish eine Fehlermeldung erscheint, musst Du
bluefish -s eingeben um das Programm trotzdem starten zu
können. |
Das Logo von Bluefish erscheint kurz, und danach das Hauptfenster (siehe unten). Du kannst dieses Fenster natürlich in der Größe verändern, je nachdem welche Features Dein Windowmanager bietet (Die Screenshots wurden unter KDE aufgenommen).
Die Befehlszeilenoptionen können mit -h ausgegeben werden:
blashyrkh:~# bluefish -h bluefish pre0.6 HTML editor Usage: bluefish [options] [filename] Derzeit zur Verfügung stehende Optionen: -s überspringe root Überprüfung -v derzeitige Version -h dieser Hilfebildschirm -p dateiname Lade Projekt beim Start
TIP: Falls Du alle PHP-Dokumente in einem
Verzeichnis und seinen Unterverzeichnissen öffnen
möchtest, kannst Du Bluefish so starten:bluefish `find -name '*.php'` .Oder alle html-Dateien auf einer Maschine? (Achtung, das sind über 1100 auf einer Standard-Debian-Maschine!) Benutze bluefish `find / -name '*.html'` .Lies man find und man bash für mehr Infos. |
Wir erklären nun einiges Grundlegende zum Interface von Bluefish, und am einfachsten machen wir das anhand des Fensters das wir oben gesehen haben.
Oben ist das Menü, wo alle Funktionen von Bluefish aufgeführt sind. Funktionen sind nach ihrer Funktion gruppiert, so enthält das Menü Datei Funktionen, die Dateien betreffen; Bearbeiten betrifft die Haupteditierfunktionen (Ausschneiden, Kopieren, Einfügen usw..), usw. Falls Du auf ein Menü klickst, erscheinen seine Untermenüs. Jedes Untermenühat links seinen Namen und rechts sein Tastaturkürzel stehen, was wir später erklären werden.
BEMERKUNG:Falls wir uns in diesem Handbuch auf einen Untermenübefehl beziehen, geben wir seinen Pfad folgenderweise an: Datei-->Neu bedeutet, dass Du im Dateimenü Neu auswählen musst. |
![]() |
Eine sehr nützliche Funktion von GTK+ sind tearoffs. Um zu
sehen was das ist, wähle das Menü Datei und klicke
auf die kleine gestrichelte Linie. Wie Du siehst, wird ein neues Fenster
aufgemacht, das alle Untermenüs enthält. So kannst Du schneller
auf diese Funktionen zugreifen, indem Du das Fenster einfach neben das
Hauptfenster ziehst. Wenn Du wieder auf die gestrichelte Linie klickst
oder das Fenster schließt, verschwindet es wieder. Das Menü
ist währenddessen immer noch vom Hauptfenster aus möglich.
Was es also tatsächlich macht, ist das Menü auf den Bildschirm auszulagern. Unglücklicherweise kann man den Zustand nicht abspeichern, so dass bei einem Neustart die Menüs wieder nur im Hauptfenster sind. |
Beim Blick auf die Menüs ist Dir sicher aufgefallen, dass bei
einigen Einträgen rechts Tastenkombinationen stehen. DIese werden
Tastenkürzel genannt und sind eine Tastenkombination die mit Strg oder
Alt beginnt. Falls diese Tastenkombination gedrückt wird, wird die
Funktion ausgeführt. Falls Du z.B. eine neue Datei öffnen
möchtest, kannst Du statt im Menü Datei-->Neu
anzuwählen einfach Strg zusammen mit 'N' drücken.
Sehr nützlich ist, dass Du Dir Deine eigenen Tastenkürzel definieren kannst. Dazu bewegst Du die Maus einfach über den Menüeintrag und drückst das Tastenkürzel das Du gerne zugeordnet haben möchtest. Wie Du siehst, wird das Tastenkürzel hingeschrieben und ist sofort neu zugeordnet. Falls dieses Kürzel bei einem anderen Menüpunkt schon existierte, wird es dort gelöscht.
Falls Du ein Tastenkürzel löschen möchtest, fahre einfach
über den Menüpunkt und drücke Backspace
.
TIP:Ein Tastenkürzel kann auch die
Kombination von Strg, Alt und Shift mit einer anderen Taste sein. Z.B.
Strg-Shift-N . Nur die Shift-Taste alleine funktioniert nicht
(die ist ja zur Groß-/Kleinschreibungsumschaltung). |
Since short-cuts are used very frequently, you might want to save the
changes you've made. Select Options-->Save Shortcut key
settings
to do that. This will also save any shortcuts you have set
for the Custom menu (Bluefish 0.5 and later). Note that the
short-cuts are NOT saved automaticly, so you need to select that sub-menu
each time you want to save them.
Also, note that some short-cuts are reserved by the textbox and cannot be used. A listing of them can be found later on.
Below the menu are 3 toolbars (in the screen above, only the two of them
appear); the main toolbar, the HTML toolbar and the custom menu.
Options-->View main toolbar
checked.Options-->View HTML Toolbar
checked.Options->View custom menu
checked. Starting from Bluefish
0.5 the custom menu editor is extended, for a good example use Custom
menu->reset custom menu
option. The entry for a custom menu
option consists of a menu path which is slash delimited, so the path
Options-->View custom menu
will be /Options/View custom
menu in the editor. The entry also consists of a before and an
after string. When you select a bit of text and choose the menu
option the before string will be inserted before the selection, and
the after string after the selection. If there is no selection the
entries are inserted after each other and the cursor is placed between
them. Often you have a certain piece of code which is mainly similar in
most situations, but one or two things change each time. To allow these
kind of entries you can use variables in the custom menu, the variables are
asked in a dialog before inserting the actual text. First increase the
number of variables, you directly see entries appearing named %0,
%1, etc. The values in these entries are the names of the values asked in
the dialog. If you now use %0 in your before or after string these are
replaced by the values entered in the dialog.![]() |
A great thing about toolbars is the fact that they can float as well. Note the left corner of each toolbar, which looks similar to the image at the left. Place the mouse over it, hold the left mouse button down and drag the toolbar to wherever you like and then release the mouse button. In this way, you can make a toolbar float as well. |
When a toolbar floats, it doesn't appear in the main window, thus giving more space for the textbox.
If you drag the toolbar back to its original place, it will become part of the main window again. Note that the toolbars will be placed in the following order (from top to bottom): main toolbar, html toolbar, custom menu. So far, there's no way to place a toolbar above another.
A short description of what each button of the toolbar does can appear if you leave the mouse pointer for a few seconds over the button (these are called tool-tips).
As with the menus, you cannot store their position, so when Bluefish is re-started, they will appear in their normal position, as part of the main window.
The greatest part of the window is taken over the editing area. This is where the text of the files appears. Bluefish allows you to have as many documents opened simultaneously as you like.
The tab menu shows the files that have been opened. In the image above,
we have two files: preface.html
, a file that we opened from
disk and Untitled
which is a new unsaved file. New files are
always named "Untitled". The currently selected is
"Untitled". This tab allows you to switch through files. If you
press on another tab, it switches to the file with the selected filename. Go
ahead and try it, by clicking on File-->New
twice and then
switch the tabs. Another way to change the documents (if you haven't
changed the short-cuts) is with F1
to select the next document
and F2
to select the previous document (these shortcuts are in
View
menu).
The appearance of the editing area can be changed in
Options-->Preferences
as we will see later on.
Finally, at the bottom corner of the screen is the status bar, which is used in order to show messages about actions that have been taken. To understand its usage, observe whatever appears there while you're pressing different buttons, etc.
Now that we've explained the basic stuff about the interface, let's continue with using Bluefish.
I believe that the first basic things we need to explain is how you could create new documents, as well as open and save files. Not only will we explain these functions but also help you realize a few features of Bluefish that will make things easier and quicker for you (like Quickstart...).
In order to create a new untitled empty file, there are 3 ways:
File-->New
or press Ctrl-N
.![]() |
Press the first button of the main toolbar. |
As you will see, a new tab will appear in the editing area and the text will be totally empty.
But it doesn't look good being empty. Wouldn't it be wonderful if you had the basic HTML tags written for you (e.g. the DTD, the title, etc.). Bluefish has a good way to help you write the basic stuff with ease.
Dialogs-->General-->Quickstart
or press
ALt-Q
.![]() |
From the "Quick bar" tab in the HTML toolbar, press the first button on the left. |
This will pop up a number of windows, in which you can select the DTD, page title and META tags, as well as set the Body variables.
Apparently, you can edit the file using the editing area. In writing
tags, the HTML toolbar can appear very useful, since it contains all the
basic tags. Some buttons (as well as the functions under the
Dialogs
menu) show windows in which you can easily set the tag
parameters, making things faster. In case you want a description of what
each button the HTML toolbar does, move the mouse over it and wait until its
tool-tip appears.
By default, word-wrap is used (you can disable it at
Options-->Preferences
). In case a line is wrapped, a small
icon appears at the right of the line, indication which lines are wrapped.
If there are many such icons in a row, this means that a line has been
wrapped to many other lines.
I believe this is a good time to pay attention to the Edit
menu, as it contains some very interesting functions.
![]() ![]() |
In case you've done a typing mistake
or want to erase the last thing you've written, you can undo the
change by selection Edit-->Undo , press
Ctrl-Z or select the Undo button from the main toolbar. In
case you've changed your mind, you can Redo the change, by selecting
Edit-->Redo , pressing Ctrl-R or selecting
it from the main toolbar. |
![]() ![]() ![]() |
The well-known 'Cut, copy, paste' functions couldn't be
missing, of course. They are also in the Edit menu, as
usual and their short-cuts are Ctrl-X, Ctrl-C, Ctrl-V for
cut, copy, paste accordingly. A text that is cut or copied can be
pasted either in the same document or in any other opened file.
Furthermore, if you undo a cut, the text re-appears but the text that
was cut is still in memory and will be pasted when you press
'Paste'.
|
![]() |
The search and replace functionality is quite extended. In the first
entry you insert the string to look for. Bluefish can look at 4 places
for you:
man 7 regex in your shell for a full explanation.
Overlapping searches is only relevant when you replace multiple times
or you use Edit-->find again . Basically if you search
for aa and your text contains aaa, you can have two results depending
on this option:
|
![]() |
Replace adds a couple of extra options. First of all, you can replace
three things:
Prompt before replacing allows you to manually check each
item Bluefish wants to replace. replace once will stop the
replacing after finding the first match. You can use
Edit->replace again to replace the next one.
|
TIP: Regular expressions are a powerful tool.
Suppose you want to lowercase all HTML tags in a document. Without regular
expressions you can't do one search and replace. The pattern
<[^>]*> wil find anything between a < and a
>, which does not have a > in between. Now
select Replace uppercase and your done! The drawback: this
simple pattern will of course also lowercase the alt description of
an image etc. so it's not perfect. |
TIP: You've ever seen a HTML document created
using Frontpage? These sometimes include hundreds of empty lines and
spaces. It is possible to search and replace newlines in Bluefish. But you
have to copy and paste them into the entry in the search dialog. So now
select two lines, paste the selection into the find: entry in
the search dialog, replace with a single line, and select
overlapping searches . All the multiple empty lines will be
reduced to a single empty line. |
Another interesting feature is the pop-up menu that appears if you press the right mouse button. This is a quick way to use some basic functions, like 'Cut' and 'Copy'. The functions here work exactly as their correspodant functions in the menu and toolbars. As far as the latest item of this pop-up menu is concerned, the 'Edit tag', we will talk about it later on.
To open a file from a disk:
File-->Open
or press Ctrl-O
.![]() |
Press the second button from the main toolbar. |
A 'select file' dialog will appear, from which you can choose the file you want to open. A very useful feature is that in that menu you can select to open more than one file at the same time (only that all files opened must be in the same directory). In fact, we have successfully tried to open 1000 documents at the same time!
Shift
is pressed, select the last (or first) file. Then, all
files between the first and last file selected will be marked blue. If you
press 'OK' they will be opened.Ctrl
pressed.Another very useful feature is that you can open a file directly taken
from the web. In order to do that, select File-->Open from the
web
. In the window that appears, write the full adress of the
document (e.g. 'http://jmk.simplenet.com/prod/download.htm'). Of
course, adresses like 'http://jmk.simplenet.com/' are accepted and
the file opened will be the one just like if you had selected that URL from
a web browser.
Finally, a thing you should note is that if you have just opened the program and there's just one untitled file, it will disappear when a file is opened and will be replaced with the file you opened. If however you've changed it even a bit, it will stay.
If you want to save a file, you must first select its name from the tab of files in the editing area (i.e. it must be the one that appears in the main window), and then:
File-->Save
or press Ctrl-S
to save
it with the name it already has, or select File-->Save As
to save it with a different name.![]() ![]() |
Press the 'Save' or 'Save As' button from the main toolbar. |
By pressing 'Save', the file that is currently viewed is saved. In case the file is unssaved to disk (i.e. if it had been opened from the web or is an untitled file), 'Save' acts like 'Save As'. By pressing 'Save as' you can save it with a different name than the one it already has.
In case you want to save all opened files, select File-->Save
All
. This saves all files, examining each time if the file is
untitled or opened from the web. Then the 'Save as' dialog appears
for that specific file.
In order to close a file, you must first select it so that it is viewed in the editing area, then:
File-->Close
or press Ctrl-W
.![]() |
Press the fifth button from the main toolbar. |
In case the file has been changed since the last time it was saved, then you will be prompted whether to save it before you close it. In that dialog, by selecting 'Close', the file closes without saving it. If you select 'Save', the file is first saved, and if you press 'Cancel' the file isn't closed at all.
If you want to close all files that have been opened, select
File-->Close All
. In case they are not saved, the former
dialog will appear.
In order to close Bluefish, you can either close the main window or
select File-->Quit
, which has the short-cut
Ctrl-Q
.
In case there are unsaved files, before the application closes, a similar dialog to the one explained above will appear.
So far, we've seen how you can create, open, edit and save a file. Though this is enough to start working, don't forget this is an HTML editor, not simple a text editor. This means that special attention is given to using HTML, thus a few special tools (that you won't find on a simple text editor) have been implemented, to help you in using tags and organising your documents.
You may have noticed two menus, Tags
and
Dialogs
. Most functions on these menus can be also found in the
HTML toolbar together.
The Tags
menu contains a few HTML tags, most of which
don't have parameters. These tags include text-formatting tags (Bold,
Italic, Strikethrough, etc.), headings, lists, etc. Also, pay attention at
the Tags-->Special
menu which contains a list of special
characters.
Let's try to press a sub-menu (make sure that no text is selected). The tag described appears and the cursor is placed between the start (<>) and end (</>) tag, so that you can write the text that belongs in that tag.
Another interesting way that these menus function is you have text
selected. For example, write 'Hello World' and then select it. Press
Tags-->Headings-->H1
and the text will be covered with a
H1 tag. This is very useful since you can change the formatting (e.g. make
it look bold or itallic) of an already-written text quickly.
The Tags-->replace ascii chars
will replace all
occurences of HTML special chars like <>&" with their HTML
entities <>&" within the current
selection.
The Dialogs
menu almost has the same usage, but instead of
simply writing text, a window is popped up, in which you can place the
parameters of the tags. If you leave a field blank, then that parameter
won't appear in the text.
Remember when we mentioned about the pop-up menu that appears when we press the right mouse button on the text area? The last item was Edit Tag. Time to explain what it does.
As you've seen, with Dialogs
menu you can easily insert
parameterized tags. Once they are inserted, you can always edit them
manually, by simply editing the text. But, as you've seen, it is easier
to adjust the parameters of a tag through the dialogs, rather than writing
text. This is where 'Edit Tag' comes in.
From the Dialogs
menu, select a tag (e.g.
Dialogs-->Table-->Table
, adjust its parameters and insert
the tag. Then, place the cursor over the tag, press the right mouse button
and select 'Edit Tag'. As you will see, the same window in which you
created the tag appears (this time, not all fields are blank, but instead
they are set to fit the tag's parameters). Now, you can edit the tags
through this menu easier and more automaticly.
Note that this works only with tags that have been inserted from
Dialogs
or the correspodant buttons in the HTML toolbar.
This feature will be explained in detail at the second chapter, but here is a synopsis of its usage.
In order to easily identify the tags and distinguish them from the normal text, tags can be highlighted (actually, the text is colored differently from the normal text in order to be distinguishable, whereas a normal-life highlighter changes the color of the background).
To set this feature on, check View-->Highlight syntax
.
Each time you want the tags to be colored, select View-->Refresh
highlighting
, default shortcut F5, or this can be done continuously
if you adjust the Preferences menu, as you will see later on.
Projects in Bluefish will remember some history for you. If you have a
couple of files open that are related, choose Project->add all open
documents
. Now save the project (usually located in
~/.bluefish/projects/). Any color you use, or any font, any targets,
url's etc. are recorded in the project, and if you save the project they
are saved as well. The values can be edited using
Project->edit
, the menu contains files
and
lists
, where you can access the contents of a project.
When you open a project, all files in that project are opened. If you preview a file which is in a project, the basedir is removed from the filename and replaced by the webdir. So /home/olivier/public_html/index.html can be replaced into http://localhost/~olivier/index.html if you want to. This is very useful when programming dynamic (PHP, SSI, RXML) websites on a local server.